Prophet Muhammad S W W A.

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Prophet Muhammad
Description of Muhammad
Muhammad (pbuh) was born in Mecca ( Makkah), Arabia, on Monday, 12 Rabi' Al-Awal (2
August A.D. 570). His mother, Aminah, was the daughter of Wahb Ibn Abdu Manaf of the
Zahrah family. His father, 'Abdullah, was the son of Abdul Muttalib. His genealogy has been
traced to the noble house of Ishmael, the son of Prophet Abraham in about the fortieth descend.
Muhammad's father died before his birth.
Before he was six years old his mother died, and the doubly orphaned Muhammad was put under
the charge of his grandfather Abdul Muttalib who took the most tender care of him. But the old
chief died two years afterwards. On his deathbed he confided to his son Abu Talib the charge of
the little orphan.
Journey to Busra - Christian Monk merits Muhammad
When Muhammad was twelve years old, he accompanied his uncle Abu Talib on a mercantile
journey to Syria, and they proceeded as far as Busra. The journey lasted for some months. It was
at Busra that the Christian monk Bahira met Muhammad. He is related to have said to Abu Talib:
'Return with this boy and guard him against the hatred of the Jews, for a great career awaits your
nephew."
Muhammad's honest and honorable character
After this journey, the youth of Muhammad seems to have been passed uneventfully, but all
authorities agree in ascribing to him such correctness of manners and purity of morals as were
rare among the people of Mecca. The fair character and the honorable bearing of the unobtrusive
youth won the approbation of the citizens of Mecca, and b y common consent he received the title
of "Al Ameen," The Faithful.
In his early years, Muhammad was not free from the cares of life. He had to watch the flocks of
his uncle, who, like the rest of the Bani Hashim, had lost the greater part of his wealth.
Solitary lifestyle of Muhammad's youth
From youth to manhood he led an almost solitary life. The lawlessness rife among the Meccans,
the sudden outbursts of causeless and bloody quarrels among the tribes frequenting the Fair of
Okadh (The Arabian Olympia), and the immorality and skepticism of the Quraish, naturally caused
feelings of pity and sorrow in the heart of the sensitive youth. Such scenes of social misery and
religious degradation were characteristic of a depraved age.

Muhammad's marriage to Khadijah
When Muhammad was twenty five years old, he traveled once more to Syria as a factor of a noble
and rich Quraishi widow named Khadijah; and, having proved himself faithful in the commercial
interests of that lady, he was soon rewarded with her hand in marriage. This marriage proved
fortunate and singularly happy. Khadijah was much the senior of her husband, but in spite of the
disparity of age between them, the most tender devotion on both sides existed. This marriage gave
him the loving heart of a woman who was ever ready to console him in his despair and to keep
alive within him the feeble, flickering flame of hope when no man believed in him and the world
appeared gloomy in his eyes.
Troubled, lawless times for the Makkans
Until he reached thirty years of age, Muhammad was almost a stranger to the outside world. Since
the death of his grandfather, authority in Mecca was divided among the ten senators who
constituted the governing body of the Arabian Commonwealth. There was no such accord among
them as to ensure the safety of individual rights and property. Though family relations afforded
some degree of protection to citizens, yet strangers were frequently exposed to persecution and
oppression. In many cases they were robbed, not only of their goods, but even of their wives and
daughters. At the instigation of the faithful Muhammad, an old league called the Federation of
Fudul, i.e., favors was revived with the object of repressing lawlessness and defending every weak
individual - whether Meccan or stranger, free or slave - against any wrong or oppression to which
he might be the victim within the territories of Mecca.
When Muhammad reached thirty-five years, he settled by his judgment a grave dispute, which
threatened to plunge the whole of Arabia into a fresh series of her oft-recurring wars. In
rebuilding the Sacred House of the Ka'ba in A.D. 605, the question arose as to who should have
the honor of raising the black stone, the most holy relic of that House, into its proper place. Each
tribe claimed that honor. The senior citizen advised the disputants to accept for their arbitrator the
first man to enter from a certain gate. The proposal was agreed upon, and the first man who
entered the gate was Muhammad "Al-Ameen." His advice satisfied all the contending parties. He
ordered the stone to be placed on a piece of cloth and each tribe to share the honor of lifting it up
by taking hold of a part of the cloth. The stone was thus deposited in its place, and the rebuilding
of the House was completed without further interruption.
Muhammad thwarts intention of the Romans to control Makka
It is related that, about this time, a certain Usman, Ibn Huwairith, supported by Byzantine gold,
made an attempt to convert the territory of Hijaz into a Roman dependency, but the attempt
failed, chiefly through the instrumentality of Muhammad.
Kindness and generousity shown to the people
These are nearly all the public acts related by historians in which Muhammad took part in the first
fifteen years of his marriage to Khadijah. As for his private life he is described to have been ever
helpful to the needy and the helpless. His uncle Abu Talib had fallen into distress through his
endeavors to maintain the old position of his family. Muhammad, being rather rich at this time by
his alliance with Khadijah, tried to discharge part of the debt of gratitude and obligation which he
owed to his uncle by undertaking the bringing up and education of his son 'Ali. A year later he
adopted 'Akil, another of his uncle's sons.
Khadijah bore Muhammad three sons and four daughters. All the males died in childhood, but in
loving 'Ali he found much consolation.
About this time, Muhammad set a good example of kindness, which created a salutary effect upon
his people. His wife Khadijah had made him a present of young slave named Zaid Ibn Haritha,
who had been brought as a captive to Mecca and sold to Khadijah. When Haritha heard that
Muhammad possessed Zaid, he came to Mecca and offered a large sum for his ransom.
Whereupon Muhammd said: "Let Zaid come here, and if he chooses to go with you, take him
without ransom; but if it be his choice to stay with me, why should I not keep him?' Zaid, being
brought into Muhammad's presence, declared that he would stay with his master, who treated him
as if he was his only son. Muhammad no sooner heard this than he took Zaid by the hand and led
him to the black stone of Ka'ba, where he publicly adopted him as his son, to which the father
acquiesced and returned home well satisfied. Henceforward Zaid was called the son of
Muhammad.
Muhammd was now approaching his fortieth year, and his mind was ever-engaged in profound
contemplation and reflection. Before him lay his country, bleeding and torn by fratricidal wars and
intolerable dissension's; his people, sunk in barbarism, addicted to the observation of rites and
superstitions, were, with all their desert virtues, lawless and cruel. His two visits to Syria had
opened to him a scene of unutterable moral and social desolation, rival creeds and sects tearing
each other to pieces, carrying their hatred to the valleys and deserts of Hijaz, and rending the
townships of Arabia with their quarrels and bitterness.
Allah's Divine Inspiration touches Muhammad
For years after his marriage, Muhammad had been accustomed to secluding himself in a cave in
Mount Hira, a few miles from Mecca. To this cave he used to go for prayer and meditation,
sometimes alone and sometime with his family. There, he often spent the whole nights in deep
thought and profound communion with the Unseen yet All-Knowing Allah of the Universe. It was
during one of those retirements and in the still hours of the night, when no human sympathy was
near, that an angel came to him to tell him that he was the Messenger of Allah sent to reclaim a
fallen people to the knowledge and service of their Lord.
Renowned compilers of authentic traditions of Islam agree on the following account of the first
revelations received by the Prophet.
Muhammad would seclude himself in the cave of Mount Hira and worship three days and nights.
He would, whenever he wished, return to his family at Mecca and then go back again, taking
wihim the necessities of life. Thus he continued to return to Khadijah from time to time until one
day the revelation came down to him and the Angel Gabriel (Jibreel) appeared to him and said:
"Read!"
But as Muhammad was illiterate, having never received any instruction in reading or writing, he
said to the angel:
"I am not a reader."
The angel took a hold of him and squeezed him as much as he could bear, and then said again:
"Read!"
Then Prophet said:
"I am not a reader."
The Angel again seized the Prophet and squeezed him and said:
"Read! In the Name of Your Lord, Who has created (all that exists), has created a man from a
clot (a piece of thick coagulated blood). Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous, Who has
taught (the writing) by the pen, has taught man that which he knew not." (Ch 96:1-4 Quran).
Then the Prophet repeated the words with a trembling heart. He returned to Khadijah from Mount
Hira and said: "Wrap me up! Wrap me up!" She wrapped him in a garment until his fear was
dispelled. He told Khadijah what had occurred and that he was becoming either a soothsayer or
one smitten with madness. She replied: "Allah forbid! He will surely not let such a thing happen,
for you speak the truth, you are faithful in trust, you bear the afflictions of the people, you spend
in good works what you gain in trade, you are hospitable and you assist your fellow men. Have
you seen anything terrible?" Muhammad replied: "Yes," and told her what he had seen.
Whereupon, Khadijah said: "Rejoice, O dear husband and be cheerful. He is Whose hands stands
Khadijah's life bears witness to the truth of this fact, that you will be the prophet to this people."
Khadijah consults cousin knowledgeable of Scriptures; confirmation of Prophet
After this experience Khadijah went to her cousin Waraqa Ibn Naufal, who was old and blind and
who knew the Scriptures of the Jews and Christians, and is stated to have translated them into
Arabic. When she told him of what she had heard, he cried out: "Holy! Holy! Verily, this is the
Namus (The Holy Spirit) who came to Moses. He will be the prophet of his people. Tell him this
and bid him to be brave at heart." When the two men met subsequently in the street, the blind old
student of the Jewish and Christian Scriptures spoke of his faith and trust: "I swear by Him in
Who hand Waraqa's life is, Allah has chosen you to be the prophet of this people. They will call
you a liar, they will persecute you, they will banish you, and they will fight against you. Oh, that I
could live to those days. I would fight for these." And he kissed him on the forehead.
Muhammad's Visions and struggle to fight depression
The first vision was followed by a considerable period, during which Muhammad suffered much
mental depression. Only Almighty Allah knows what Muhammad must have been thinking and
feeling at that time. He may have been worried about his visions, uncertain as to how the majority
of the Makkans would treat Allah's blessing, since their own interests were at stake. The
Makkans, at that time, relied heavily on trade that revolved around polytheistic and pagan rituals of false idols and statues and other things that they worshipped. One can't contemplate his future
and responsibilities to the people of the world, as well as the challenges that Allah Almighty had
chosen him for.
Prophet rises to start his mission for Allah
The angel spoke to the grieved heart of hope and trust and of the bright future when he would see
the people of the earth crowding into the one true faith. His destiny was unfolded to him, when,
wrapped in profound meditation, melancholy and sad, he felt himself called by a voice from
heaven to arise and preach.
"O you (Muhammad) enveloped (in garments)! Arise and warn! And your Lord (Allah)
magnify!" (Ch 74:1-3 Quran)
He arose and engaged himself in the work to which he was called. Khadijah was the first to accept
his mission. She was to believe in the revelations, to abandon the idolatry of her people and to join
him in purity of heart and in offering up prayers to Allah the Almighty.
The Companions
At the beginning of his mission, Muhammad - hereinafter called the Prophet - opened his soul only
to those who were attached to him and tried to free them from the gross practices of their
forefathers. After Khadijah, his cousin' Ali was the next companion. The Prophet used often to go
into the desert around Mecca with his wife and young cousin that they might together offer their
heart felt thanks to the Lord of all nations for His manifold blessings. Once they were surprised by
Abu Talib, the father of 'Ali. He said to the Prophet: "O son of my brother, what is this religion
you are following?" "It is the religion of Allah of His Angels, of His Messengers and of our
ancestor Abraham," answered the Prophet. "Allah has sent me to His servants, to direct them
towards the truth, and you, O my uncle, are the most worthy of all. It is meet that I should thus
call upon you and it is meet that you should accept the truth and help in spreading it."
Abu Talib replied: "Son of my brother, I cannot abjure the religion of my fathers; but by the
Supreme Lord, while I am alive, none shall dare to injure you." Then turning towards 'Ali, the
venerable chief asked what religion was his. Ali answered: "O father, I believe in Allah and His
Prophet and go with him." Abu Talib replied: "Well my son, he will not call you to anything
except what is good, therefore you are free to go with him."
After 'Ali, Muhammad's adopted son Zaid became a convert to the new faith. He was followed by
Abu Bakr, a leading member of the Quraish tribe and an honest, wealthy merchant who enjoyed
great consideration among his compatriots. He was but two years younger than the Prophet. His
adoption of the new faith was of great moral effect. Soon after, five notables presented
themselves before the Prophet and accepted Islam. Several converts also came from lower classes
of the Arabs to adopt the new religion.
Proliferation of Islamic Knowledge by our Prophet
For three weary long years, the Prophet labored very quietly to deliver his people from the
worship of idols. Polytheism was deeply rooted among the people. It offered attractions, which
the new faith in its purity did not possess. The Quraish had personal material interests in the old
worship, and their prestige was dependent upon its maintenance. The Prophet had to contend with
the idolatrous worship of its followers and to oppose the ruling oligarchy, which governed its
destinies.
After three years of constant but quiet struggle, only thirty followers were secured. An important
change now occurred in the relations of the Prophet with the citizens of Mecca. His compatriots
had begun to doubt his sanity, thinking him crazy or possessed by an evil spirit. Hitherto he
preached quietly and unobtrusively. He now decided to appeal publicly to the Meccans,
requesting them to abandon their idolatry. For this he arranged a gathering on a neighboring hill
and there spoke to them of their folly in the sight of Allah in worshipping pieces of stone which
they called their gods. He invited them to abandon their old impious worship and adopt the faith
of love, truth and purity. He warned them of the fate that had overtaken past races who had not
heeded the preaching of former prophets. But the gathering departed without listening to the
warning given them by the Prophet.
Having thus failed to induce his fellow citizens to listen to him, he turned his attention to the
strangers arriving in the city on commerce or pilgrimage. But the Quraish made attempts to
frustrate his efforts. They hastened themselves to meet the strangers first on different routes, to
warn them against holding any communication with the Prophet, whom they represented as a
dangerous magician. When the pilgrims or traders returned to their homes, they carried with them
the news of the advent of the bold preacher who was inviting the Arabs loudly - at the risk of his
own life - to abandon the worship of their dear idols.
Persecution perpetrated by the Makkan Tribe of Quraish
Now the Prophet and his followers became subject to some persecution and indignity. The hostile
Quraish prevented the Prophet from offering his prayers at the Sacred House of the Ka'ba; they
pursued him wherever he went; they covered him and his disciples with dirt and filth when
engaged in their devotions; they scattered thorns in the places which he frequented for devotion
and meditation. Amidst all these trials the Prophet did not waver. He was full of confidence in his
mission, even when on several occasions he was put in imminent danger of losing his life.
At this time Hamza, the youngest son of Abdul Muttalib, adopted Islam. Hamza was a man of
distinguished bravery, an intrepid warrior, generous and true, whose heroism earned for him the
title of the "Lion of Allah." He became a devoted adherent of Islam and everlost his life in the
cause.
The Prophet continued preaching to the Arabs in a most gentle and reasonable manner. He called
thepeople, so accustomed to iniquity and wrong doings, to abandon their abominations. In
burning words which excited the hearts of his hearers, he warned them of the punishment which
Allah had inflicted upon the ancient tribes of 'Ad and Thamud who had obstinately disobeyed the
teachings of Allah's messengers to them. He adjured them by the wonderful sights of nature, by
the noon day brightness, by the night when it spreads its veil, by the day when it appears in glory
to listen to his warning before a similar destruction befell them. He spoke to them of the Day of
Reckoning, when their deeds in this world will be weighed before the Eternal Judge, when the
children who had been buried alive will be asked for what crime they were put to death.
Almighty Allah said:
"Nay, they wonder that there has come to them a Warner (Muhammad) from among themselves.
So the disbeliveers say: "This is a strange thing! When we are dead and have become dust (shall
we be resurrected)? That is a far return." We know that which the earth takes of them (their dead
bodies), and with Us is a Book preserved (i.e., the Book of Decrees).
Nay, but, they have denied the truth (this Qur'an) when it has come to them, so they are in a
confused state (can not differentiate between right and wrong). Have they not looked at the
heaven above them, how We have made it and adorned it, and there are no rifts in it? And the
earth! We have spread it out, and set thereon mountains standing firm, and have produced
therein every kind of lovely growth (plants).
An insight and a reminder for every slave turning to Allah (i.e., the one who believes in Allah
and performs deeds of His obedience, and always begs His pardon). And We send down blessed
water (rain) from the sky, then we produce therewith gardens and grain (every kind of harvests
that are reaped). And tall date palms, with ranged clusters; a provision for (Allah's) slaves. And
We give life therewith to a dead land. Thus will be the resurrection (of the dead). Denied before
them (i.e. these pagans of Makka who denied you, O Muhammad) the people of Noah, and the
dwellers of Rass, and the Thamud, and 'Ad, and Pharaoh, and the brethren of Lot, and the
dwellers of the Wood, and the people of Tubba, everyone of them denied their Messengers, so
My Threat took effect." (Ch 50: 2-14 Quran)
Almighty Allah also declared:
"All praises and thanks be to Allah Who Alone created the heavens and the earth, and originated
the darkness and the light, yet those who disbelieve hold others as equal with their Lord. He it is
Who has created you from clay, and then has decreed a stated term (for you to die). And there is
with Him another determined term (for you to be resurrected), yet you doubt (in the
Resurrection).
And He is Allah (to be worshipped Alone) in the heavens and on the earth, He knows what you
conceal and what you reveal, and He knows what you earn (good or bad). And never an Ayah
(sign) comes to them from the Ayat (proofs, evidences, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) of their
Lord, but that they have been turning away from it.
Indeed, they rejected the truth (The Qur'an and Muhammad) when it came to them, but there will
come to them the news of that (the torment) which they used to mock at. Have they not seen how
many a generation before them We have destroyed whom We had established on the earth such
as We have not established you? And We poured out on them rain from the sky in abundance,
and made the rivers flow under them. Yet We destroyed them for their sins, and created after
them other generations." (Ch 6:1-6 Quran)
As the number of believers increased and the cause of the Prophet was strengthened by the
conversions of many powerful citizens, the Prophet's preaching alarmed the Quraish. Their power
and prestige were at stake. They were the custodians of the idols, which the Prophet had
threatened to destroy; they were the ministers of the worship, which he denounced; in fact their
existence and living wholly depended upon the maintenance of the old institutions. The Prophet
taught that in the sight of his Lord all human were equal, the only distinction recognized among
them being the weight of their piety.
Allah the Exalted said:
"O mankind! We have created you from a male and a female, and made you into nations and
tribes, that you may know one another. Verily, the most honorable of you in the Sight of Allah is
that that believer who has At Taqwa (one of the Muttaqun, pious and righteous persons who fear
Allah much, abstain from all kinds of sins and evil deeds which He has forbidden), and love
Allah much (perform all kinds of good deeds which He has ordained. Verily! Allah is
All-Knowing, All-Aware." (Ch 49:13 Quran).
The Quraish would have none of this leveling of distinctions, as it reflected upon their long
inherited privileges. Accordingly, they organized a system of persecution in order to suppress the
movement before it became firmly established. They decided that each family should take upon
itself the task of stamping out the new faith on the spot. Each household tortured its own
members or adherents or slaves who were supposed to have connected themselves with the new
religion. With the exception of the Prophet, who was protected by Abu Talib and his kinsmen, and
Abu Bakr, and a few others who were either distinguished by their rank or possessed some
influence among the Quraish, all other converts were subjected to different sorts of torture. Some
of them were thrown into prison, starved, and then flogged. The hill of Ramada and the place
called Bata thus became scenes of cruel torture.
Quraish fear spread of Islam - Try in vain to blackmail Prophet
One day the Quraish tried to induce the Prophet to discontinue his teachings of the new religion,
which had sown discord among their people. 'Utba Ibn Rabi'a, was delegated to see the Prophet
and speak to him. 'Utba said: "O son of my brother, you are distinguished by your qualities; yet
you have sown discord among our people and cast dissension in our families; you denounced our
gods and goddesses and you charge our ancestors with impiety. Now we are come to make a
proposition to you, and I ask you to think well before you reject it." "I am listening to you, O
father of Walid," said the Prophet. "O son of my brother, if by this affair you intend to acquire
riches, honors, and dignity, we are willing to collect for you a fortune larger than is possessed by
any one of us; we shall make you our chief and will do nothing without you. If you desire
dominion, we shall make you our king; and if the demon which possesses you cannot be subdued,
we will bring you doctors and give them riches until they cure you." When 'Utba had finished his
discourse, the Prophet said: "Now listen to me, O father of Walid." "I listen." He replied. The
Prophet, recited to him the first thirteen verses of Surah Fussilat, which maybe interpreted as
follows:
"Ha Mim (These letters are one of the miracles of the Quran, and none but Allah Alone knows
their meanings). A revelation from Allah the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. A Book
whereof the Verses are explained in detail; - a Quran in Arabic for people who know. Giving
glad tidings (of Paradise to the one who believes in the Oneness of Allah, Islamic Monotheism)
and fears Allah much (abstains from all kinds of sins and evil deeds) and loves Allah much
(performing all kinds of good deeds which He has ordained), and warning (of punishment in the
Hellfire to be the one who disbelieves in the Oneness of Allah), but most of them turn away, so
they listen not.
And they say: "Our hearts are under coverings (screened) from that to which you invite us, and
in our ears is deafness, and between us and you is a screen, so work you (on your way); verily we
are working (on our way).
Say (O Muhammad): "I am only a human being like you. It is inspired in me that your Ilah
(God) is One Ilah (God - Allah), therefore take the Straight Path to Him (with true Faith -
Islamic Monotheism) and obedience to Him, and seek forgiveness of Him. And woe to
Al-Mushrikeen; (polytheists, pagans, idolaters, and disbeliveers in the Oneness of Allah, etc,
those who worship others along with or set up rivals or partners to Allah etc.) Those who give
not the Zakat and they are disbeliveers in the Hereafter. Truly, those who believe (in the Oneness
of Allah and in His Messenger Muhammad - Islamic Monotheism) and do righteous good deeds
for them will be an endless reward that will never stop (Paradise).
Say (O Muhammad): "Do you verily disbelieve in Him Who created the earth in two Days and
you set up rivals (in worship) with Him? That is the Lord of the Alamin (mankind, jinn and all
that exists).
He placed therein (the earth) firm mountains from above it, and He blessed it, and measured
therein its sustenance (for its dwellers) in four Days equal (all these four days were equal in the
length of time), for all those who ask (about its creation). Then He Istawa (rose over) towards
the heaven when it was smoke, and said to it and to the earth: "Come both of you willingly or
unwillingly." They both said: "We come, willingly." Then He completed and finished from their
creation as seven heavens in two days and he made in each heaven with lamps (stars) to b e an
adornment as well as to guard (from the devils by using them as missiles against the devils).
Such is the Decree of Him the All Mighty, The All Knower.
But if they turn away, then say (O Muhammad): "I have warned you of a Sa'iqa (a destruction
awful cry, torment, hit, a thunder bolt) like the Sa'iqa which overtook 'Ad and Thamud (people)."
(Ch 41:1-13 Quran).
When the Prophet had finished his recitation, he said to 'Utba: "This is my reply to your
proposition; now take what course you find best."
Quraish increase Persecution - First Hijra of 615 C.E. to Abyssinia
Persecution by the Quraish grew fiercer every day and the sufferings of the Prophet's disciples
became unbearable. He had heard of the righteousness, tolerance, and hospitality of the
neighboring Christian king of Abyssinia. He recommended such of his companions who were
without protection to seek refuge in the kingdom of that pious king, Al Najashi (Negus). Some
fifteen of the unprotected adherents of Islam promptly availed themselves of the advice and sailed
to Abyssinia. Here they met with a very kind reception from the Negus. This is called the first
hijrah (migration) in the history of Islam and occurred in the fifth year of the Prophet
Muhammad's mission, A.D. 615. These emigrants were soon followed by many of their fellow
sufferers, until the number reached eighty-three men and eighteen women.
The hostile Quraish, furious at the escape of their victims, sent deputes to the king of Abyssinia to
request him to deliver up the refugees, that they might be put to death for adjuring their old
religion and embracing a new one. The king summoned the poor fugitives and inquired of them
what was the religion, which they had adopted in preference to their old faith. Ja'far, son of Abu
Talib and brother of 'Ali, acted as spokesman for the exiles. He spoke thus: "O king, we were
plunged in the depth of ignorance and barbarism, we adored idols, we lived in unchastity, and we
ate dead bodies, and we spoke abomination, we disregarded every feeling of humanity and sense
of duty towards our neighbors, and we knew no law but that of the strong, when Allah raised
among us a man, of whose birth, truthfulness, honesty, and purity we were aware. He called us to
profess the Unity of Allah and taught us to associate nothing with Him; he forbade us the worship
of idols and enjoined us to speak the truth, to be faithful to our trusts, to be merciful, and to
regard the rights of neighbors; he forbade us to speak evil of the worship of Allah and not to
return to the worship of idols of woos and stone and to abstain from evil, to offer prayers, to give
alms, to observe the fast. We have believed in him, we have accepted his teachings and his
injunctions to worship Allah alone and to associate nothing with Him. Hence our people have
persecuted us, trying to make us forego the worship of Allah and return to the worship of idols of
wood and stone and other abominations. They have tortured us and injured us until, finding no
safety among them, we have come to your kingdom trusting you will give us protection against
their persecution."
Al-Najashi (Negus), King of Abyssinia protects Muslims
After hearing the above speech, the hospitable king ordered the deputies to return to their people
in safety and not to interfere with their fugitives. Thus the emigrants passed the period of exile in
peace and comfort.
While the followers of the Prophet sought safety in foreign lands against the persecution of their
people, he continued his warnings to the Quraish more strenuously than ever. Again they came to
him with offers of riches and honor, which he firmly and utterly refused. But they mocked at him
and urged him for miracles to prove his mission. He used to answer: "Allah has not sent me to
work wonders; He has sent me to preach to you."
Thus disclaiming all power of wonder working, the Prophet ever rested the truth of his divine
mission upon his wise teachings. He addressed himself to the inner consciousness of man, to his
common sense and to his own better judgement:
"Say (O Muhammad): "I am only a human being like you. It is inspired in me that your Ilah
(God) is One Ilah (God- Allah), therefore take the Straight Path to Him (with true Faith -
Islamic Monotheism) and obedience to Him and seek forgiveness of Him. And woe to Al
Mushrikeen; (polytheists, pagans, idolaters, and disbeliveers in the Oneness of Allah etc., those
who worship others along with Allah or set up rivals or partners to Allah etc. (Ch 41:6 Quran)
Despite all the exhortation of the Prophet, the Quraish persisted in asking him for a sign. They
insisted that unless some sign be sent down to him from his Lord, they would not believe. The
disbeliveers used to ask: "Why has Muhammad not been sent with miracles like previous
prophets?" T he Prophet replied: "Because miracles had proved inadequate to convince. Noah
was sent with signs, and with what effect? Where was the lost tribe of Thamud? They had refused
to receive the preaching of the Prophet Salih, unless he showed them a sign and caused the rock
to bring forth a living camel. He did what they asked. In scorn they cut the camel's feet and then
daring the prophet to fulfill his threats of judgment, were found dead in their beds the next
morning, stricken by the angel of the Lord."
The Holy Quran is a Miracle
There are some seventeen places in the Quran, in which the Prophet Muhammad is challenged to
work a sign, and he answered them all to the same or similar effect: Allah has the power of
working miracles, and has not been believed; there were greater miracles in nature than any which
could be wrought outside of it; and the Quran itself was a great, everlasting miracle. The Quran,
the Prophet used to assert to the disbeliveers, is a book of blessings which is a warning for the
whole world; it is a complete guidance and explains everything necessary; it is a reminder of what
is imprinted on human nature and is free from every discrepancy and from error and falsehood. It
is a book of true guidance and a light to all.
As to the sacred idols, so much honored and esteemed by the pagan Arabs, the Prophet openly
recited:
"They are but names which you have named - you and your fathers - for which Allah has sent
down no authority." (CH 53:23 Quran)
When the Prophet thus spoke reproachfully of the sacred gods of the Quraish, the latter redoubled
their persecution. But the Prophet, nevertheless, continued his preaching undaunted but the
hostility of his enemies or by their bitter persecution of him. And despite all opposition and
increased persecution, the new faith gained ground. The national fair at Okadh near Mecca
attracted many desert Bedouins and trading citizen of distant towns. These listened to the
teachings of the Prophet, to his admonitions, and to his denunciations of their sacred idols and of
their superstitions. They carried back all that they had heard to their distant homes, and thus the
advent of the Prophet was made know to almost all parts of the peninsula.
Makkans plea to Abu Talib to stop the Prophet
The Meccans, however, were more than ever furious at the Prophet's increasing preaching against
their religion. They asked his uncle Abu Talib to stop him, but he could not do anything. At , as
the Prophet persisted in his ardent denunciations against their ungodliness and impiety, they
turned him out from the Ka'ba where he used to sit and preach, and subsequently went in a body
to Abu Talib. They urged the venerable chief to prevent his nephew from abusing their gods any
longer or uttering any ill words against their ancestors. They warned Abu Talib that if he would
not do that, he would be excluded from the communion of his people and driven to side with
Muhammad; the matter would then be settled by fight until one of the two parties were
exterminated.
Abu Talib neither wished to separate himself from his people, nor forsake his nephew for the
idolaters to revenge themselves upon. He spoke to the Prophet very softly and begged him to
abandon his affair. To this suggestion the Prophet firmly replied: "O my uncle, if they placed the
sun in my right hand and the moon in my left hand to cause me to renounce my task, verily I
would not desist therefrom until Allah made manifest His cause or I perished in the attempt." The
Prophet, overcome by the thought that his uncle and protector was willing to desert him, turned
to depart. But Abu Talib called him loudly to come back, and he came. "Say whatever you please;
for by the Lord I shall not desert you ever."
Abu Talib protects his Nephew, the Prophet
The Quraish again attempted in vain to cause Abu Talib to abandon his nephew. The venerable
chief declared his intention to protect his nephew against any menace or violence. He appealed to
the sense of honor of the two families of the Bani Hashim and the Bani Muttalib, both families
being kinsmen of the Prophet, to protect their member from falling a victim to the hatred of rival parties. All the members of the two families nobly responded to the appeal of Abu Talib except
Abu Lahab, one of the Prophet's uncles, who took part with the persecutors.
Umar Al-Khattab submits to Islam
During this period, 'Umar Al-Khattab adopted Islam. In him the new faith gained a valuable
adherent and an important factor in the future development and propagation of Islam. Hitherto he
had been a violent opposer of the Prophet and a bitter enemy of Islam. His conversion is said to
have been worked by the miraculous effect on his mind of a Surah of the Quran which his sister
was reading in her house, where he had gone with the intention of killing her for adopting Islam.
Thus the party of the Prophet had been strengthened by the conversation by his uncle Hamza, a
man of great valor and merit; and of Abu Bakr and 'Umar, both men of great energy and
reputation. The Muslims now ventured to perform their devotions in public.
Quraish divided into two factions
Alarmed at the bold part which the Prophet and his followers were not able to assume, and roused
by the return of the deputies from Abyssinia and the announcement of their unsuccessful mission,
the Quraish determined to check by a decisive blow any further progress of Islam. Towards this
end, in the seventh year of the mission, they made a solemn covenant against the descendants of
Hashim and Muttalib, engaging themselves to contract no marriage with any of them and to have
no communication with them. Upon this, the Quraish became divided into two factions, and the
two families of Hashim and Muttalib all repaired to Abu Talib as their chief.
Abu Lahab's hatred of Islam
Abu Lahab, the Prophet's uncle, however, out of his inveterate hatred of his nephew and his
doctrine, went over to the opposite party, whose chief was Abu Sufyan Ibn Harb, of the family of
Umayya. The persecuted party, Muslims as well as idolaters betook themselves to a defile on the
eastern skirts of Mecca. They lived in this defensive position for three years. The provisions,
which they had carried with them, were soon exhausted. Probably they would have entirely
perished but for the sympathy and occasional help received from less bigoted compatriots.
Reconciliation of the Quraish
Towards the beginning of the tenth year of the mission, reconciliation was concluded between the
Quraish and the two families of Hashim and Abdul Muttalib through the intermediation of
Hisham, Ibn Umar, and Zobeir, Ibn Abu Umayya. Thus, the alliance against the two families was
abolished, and they were able to return to Mecca.
During the period the Prophet and his kinspeople passed in their defensive position, Islam made
no progress outside; but in the sacred months, when violence was considered sacrilege, the
Prophet used to come out of his temporary prison to preach Islam to the pilgrims.
Death of Abu Talib and Khadijah
In the following year, both Abu Talib and Khadijah died. Thus the Prophet lost in Abu Talib the
kind guardian of his youth who had hitherto protected him against his enemies, and in Khadijah
his most encouraging companion. She was ever his angel of hope and consolation. The Prophet,
weighed down by the loss of his amiable protector and his beloved wife, without hope of turning
the Quraish from idolatry, with a saddened heart, yet full of trust, resolved to exercise his ministry
in some of her field. He chose Taif, a town about sixty miles east of Mecca, where he went
accompanied by a faithful servant Zaid.
The tribe of Thakif, who were the inhabitants of Taif, received Muhammad very coldly. However,
he stayed there for one month. Though the more considerate and better sort of men treated him
with a little respect, the slaves and common people refused to listen to his teachings; they were
outrageously indignant at his invitation to abandon the gods they worshipped with such freedom
of morals and lightness of heart. At length they rose against him, and bringing him to the wall of
the city, obliged him to depart and return to Mecca.
People of Madina accept Prophet
The repulse greatly discouraged his followers; however, the Prophet boldly continued to preach to
the public assemblies at the pilgrimage and gained several new converts, among whom were six of
the city of Yahtrib (later called Medina), of the Jewish tribe of Khazraj. When these Yathribites
returned home, they spread the news among their people that a prophet had arisen among the
Arabs who was to call them to Allah and put an end to their inquiries.
Miraj (Ascension to the Heavens) on a creature called Buraq
In the twelfth year of his mission, the Prophet made his night journey from Mecca to Jerusalem,
and thence to heaven. His journey, known in history as Miraj (Ascension) was a real bodily one
and not only a vision. It was at this time that Allah ordered the Muslims to pray the five daily
prayers.
Almighty Allah had said:
“Glorified (and Exalted) be He (Allah) (above all that evil they associate with Him), Who took
His slave Muhammad for a journey by night from AL Masjid al Haram (at Makka) to the
farthest mosque (in Jerusalem), the neighborhood whereof We have blessed, order that We might
show him (Muhammad) of Our Ayat (proofs, evidences, lessons, signs, etc.). Verily, He is the All
Hearer, the All Seer." (Ch 17:1 Quran)
Abbas Ibn Malik reported that Malik Ibn Sasaa said that Allah's Messenger described to them his
Night Journey saying: "While I was lying in Al-Hatim or Al-Hijr, suddenly someone came to me
and cut my body open from here to here." I asked Al-Jarud, who was by my side, "What does he
mean?" He said: "It means from his throat to his public area," or said, "From the top of the chest."
The Prophet further said, "He then took out my heart. Then a gold tray of Belief was brought to
me and my heart was washed and was filled (with Belief) and then returned to its original place.
Then a white animal which was smaller than a mule and bigger than a donkey was brought to me."
(On this Al-Jarud asked: "Was it in the Buraq, O Abu Hamza?" I (Anas) replied in the affirmative.
The Prophet said: "The animal's step (was so wide that it) reached the farthest point within the
reach of the animals' sight. I was carried on it.
Miraj - Muhammad's encounter with Adam (Hadith)
Gabriel set out with me till we reached the nearest heaven.
"When he asked for the gate to be opened, it was asked, 'Who is it?' Gabriel answered, 'Gabriel.' It
was asked, 'Who is accompany you?' Gabriel replied, 'Muhammad.' It was asked, 'Has Muhammad
been called?' Gabriel replied in the affirmative. Then it was said. 'He is welcomed. What an
excellent visit his is!' The gate was opened, and when I went over the first heaven, I saw Adam
there. Gabriel said to me: 'This is your father, Adam; pay him your greetings.' So I greeted him
and he returned the greetings to me and said: 'You are welcomed, O pious son and pious Prophet.'
Miraj - Muhammad's encounter with John and Jesus (Hadith)
Then Gabriel ascended with me till we reached the second heaven. Gabriel asked for the gate to
be opened. It was asked: 'Who is it?' Gabriel answered: 'Gabriel.' It was asked: 'Who is
accompany you?' Gabriel replied, 'Muhammad.' It was asked: 'Has he been called?' Gabriel
answered in the affirmative. Then it was said: 'He is welcomed. What an excellent visit his is!' The
gate was opened. "When I went over the second heaven, here I saw John (Yahya) and Jesus (Isa),
who were cousins of each other. Gabriel said to me: "These are John and Jesus; pay them your
greetings.' So I greeted them and both of them returned my greetings to me and said, 'You are
welcomed, O pious brother and pious Prophet.'
Miraj - Muhammad's encounter with Joseph (Hadith)
Then Gabriel ascended with me to the third heaven and asked for its gate to be opened. IT was
asked 'Who is it?' And Gabriel replied: 'Gabriel.' It was asked, 'Who is accompany you?' Gabriel
replied, 'Muhammad.' It was asked, 'Has he been called?' Gabriel replied in the affirmative. Then it
was said: 'He is welcomed, what an excellent visit his is!' The gate was opened, and when I went
over the third heaven there I saw Joseph (Yusuf), Gabriel said to me: 'This is Joseph, pay him
your greetings.' So I greeted him and he returned the greetings to me and said: 'You are
welcomed, O pious brother and pious Prophet.'
Miraj - Muhammad's encounter with Enoch (Hadith)
Then Gabriel ascended with me to the fourth heaven and asked for its gate to be opened. IT was
asked 'Who is it?' Gabriel replied, 'Gabriel' It was asked: 'Who is accompany you?' Gabriel replied:
'Muhammad.' It was asked: 'Has he been called?' Gabriel replied in the affirmative. Then it was
said: 'He is welcomed, what an excellent visit his is!' "The gate was opened, and when I went over
the fourth heaven, there I saw Enoch (Idris), Gabriel said to me: 'This is Enoch; pay him your
greetings.' So I greeted him and he returned the greetings to me and said: 'You are welcomed O
pious brother and pious Prophet.'
Miraj - Muhammad's encounter with Aaron (Hadith)
Then Gabriel ascended with me to the fifth heaven and asked for its gate to be opened. It was
asked: 'Who is it?' Gabriel replied: 'Gabriel.' It was asked: 'Who is accompany you?' Gabriel
replied 'Muhammad.' It was asked: 'Has he been called?' Gabriel replied in the affirmative. Then it
was said: 'He is welcomed, what an excellent visit his is!' So when I went over the fifth heaven,
there I saw Aaron (Harun), Gabriel said to me: "This is Aaron; pay hyour greetings.' So I greeted
him and he returned the greetings to me and said: "You are welcomed, O pious brother and pious
Prophet."
Miraj - Muhammad's encounter with Moses (Hadith)
Then Gabriel ascended with me to the sixth heaven and asked for its gate to be opened. It was
asked: 'Who is it?' Gabriel replied: 'Gabriel.' It was asked: 'Who is accompanying you?' Gabriel
replied: 'Muhammad.' It was said: 'Has he been called?' Gabriel replied in the affirmative. It was
said: 'He is welcomed. What an excellent visit his is!' "When I went over the sixth heaven, there I
saw Moses (Musa). Gabriel said to me: "This is Moses; pay him your greeting. So I greeted him
and he returned the greetings to me and said: "You are welcomed, O pious brother and pious
Prophet." When I left him (Moses) he wept. Someone asked him: 'What makes you weep?' Moses
said: 'I weep because after me there has been sent (as Prophet) a young man whose followers will
enter Paradise in greater numbers than my followers.'
Miraj - Muhammad's encounter with Abraham (Hadith)
Then Gabriel ascended with me to the seventh heaven and asked for its gate to be opened. It was
asked: 'Who is it?' Gabriel replied: 'Gabriel.' It was asked: 'Who is accompanying you?' Gabriel
replied: 'Muhammad.' It was asked: 'Has he been called?' Gabriel replied in the affirmative. Then it
said: 'He is welcomed. What an excellent visit his is!' "So when I went (over the seventh heaven),
there I saw Abraham (Ibrahim). Gabriel said to me: 'This is your father; pay your greetings to
him.' So I greeted him and he returned the greetings to me and said: 'You are welcomed, O pious
son and pious Prophet.'
Then I was made to ascend to Sidrat-ul-Muntaha (the Lote Tree of the utmost boundary).
Behold! Its fruits were like the jars of Hajr (a place near Medina) and its leaves were as big as the
ears of elephants. Gabriel said: "This is the Lote Tree of the utmost and boundary.' Behold! There
ran four rivers, two were hidden and two were visible, I asked: 'What are these two kinds of
rivers, O Gabriel?' He replied: 'As for the hidden rivers, they are two rivers in Paradise and the
visible rivers are the Nile and the Euphrates.'
Moses advises Muhammad to plea to Allah to lessen prayers
"Then Al-Bait-ul-Ma'mur (the Sacred House) was shown to me and a container full of wine and
another full of milk and a third full of honey were brought to me. I took the milk. Gabriel
remarked: 'This is the Islamic religion which you and your followers are following.' Then the
prayers were enjoined on me: they were fifty prayers a day. When I returned, I passed by Moses,
who asked me; 'What have you been ordered to do?' I replied: 'I have been ordered to offer fifty
prayers a day.' Moses said: 'Your followers cannot bear fifty prayers a day, and by Allah I have
tested people before you, and I have tried my level best with Bani Israel in vain. Go back to your
Lord and ask for reduction to lessen your followers'' burden.' So I went back, and Allah reduced
ten prayers for me. Then again I came to Moses, but he repeated the same as he had said before.
Then again I went back to Allah, and He reduced ten more prayers. When I came to Moses he
said the same. I went back to Allah, and He ordered m to observe ten prayers a day. When I came
back to Moses, he repeated the same advice, so I went back to Allah and was ordered to observe
five prayers a day.
"When I came back to Moses, he said: 'What have you been ordered?' I replied: 'I have been
ordered to observe five prayers a day.' He said: 'Your followers cannot bear fear prayers a day,
and no doubt, I have got an experience of the people before you, and I have tried my level best
with Bani Israel, so go back to your Lord and ask for reduction to lesson your followers' burden.'
I said: 'I have requested so much of my Lord that I feel ashamed, but I am satisfied now and
surrender to Allah's Order.' When I left, I heard a voice saying: 'I have passed My order and have
lessened the burden of My worshippers.'"
Women's Oath - People of Yathrib (Madina) submit to Islam
In this year, twelve men of Yathrib, of whom ten were of the Jewish tribe of Khazraj and the other
two of Aws, came to Meccan and took an oath of fidelity to the Prophet at Al-Aqaba, a hill on the
north of that city. This oath was called the Women's' Oath, not that any women were present at
this time, but because a man was not thereby obliged to take up arms in defense of the Prophet or
his religion, it being the same oath that was afterwards exacted of the women. This oath was as
follows: "We will not associate anything with Allah; we will not steal nor commit adultery or
fornication, nor kill our children (as the pagan Arabs used to do when they apprehended that they
would not be able to maintain them), nor forge calumnies; we will obey the Prophet in everything
that is reasonable, and we will be faithful to him in well and sorrow." When they had solemnly
engaged to do all this, the Prophet sent one of his disciples, Mus'ab Ibn Umair, home with them to
teach them the fundamental doctrines and ceremonies of the religion. Mus'ab, having arrived at
Yathrib by the assistance of those who had been formerly converted, gained several new converts,
particularly Usaid Ibn Khudair, a chief of man of the city, and Sa'd Ibn Mu'adh, prince of the tribe
of Aws. Islam spread so fast that there was a scarce a house that did not have some Muslims in it.
The next year, being the thirteenth of the mission (A.D. 622) Mus'ab returned from Yathrib
accompanied by seventy-three men and two women of that city who had adopted Islam, besides
others who were as yet unbelievers. On their arrival, these Yathribites immediately sent to the
Prophet and invited him to their city. The Prophet was not in great need of such assistance, for his
opponents had by this time grown so powerful in Mecca that he could not stay there much longer
without imminent danger. He therefore accepted their proposal and met them one night by
appointment at Al Aqaba attended by his uncle Al-Abbas, who, though he as not then a convert,
wished his nephew well.
Al Abbas made a speech to those of Yathrib wherein he told them that, as the Prophet
Muhammad was obliged to quit his native city and seek shelter elsewhere, and they had offered
him their protection, they would do well not to deceive him; and that if they were not firmly
resolved to defend and not to betray him, they had better declare their minds and let him provide
for his safety in some other manner. Upon their professing their sincerity, the Prophet swore to be
faithful to them, on condition that they should worship none but Allah observe the precepts
Islam, obey the Prophet in all that was right, and protect him against all insults as heartily as they
would their wives and families. They then asked him what would be their return, if they should
happen to be killed in the cause of Allah; he answered: "Paradise," whereupon they pledged their
faith to him and his cause.
The Hijra - People of Yathrib (Madina) welcome Muslims
The Prophet then selected twelve men out of their number to act as his delegates. Thus was
concluded the second covenant of Al Aqaba. The Yathribites returned home leaving the Prophet
to arrange for the journey to their city. The Prophet directed his followers to seek immediate
safety at Yathrib, which they accordingly did. About one hundred families silently disappeared
from Mecca and proceeded to Yathrib, where they were received with enthusiasm and much
hospitality. Finally, all the disciples had gone to Yathrib. The Prophet alone remained at Mecca,
keeping with him only his young cousin, 'Ali, and his devoted friend Abu Bakr.
The Makkans plot to kill Allah's Prophet
The Meccans, fearing the consequence of this new alliance, began to think seriously of preventing
Muhammad from escaping to Yathrib. They met in all haste. After several milder expedients had
been rejected, they decided that he should be killed. They agreed that one man should be chosen
out of every tribe and that each man should strike a blow at him with his sword so that
responsibility of the guilt would rest equally on all tribes. The Bani Hashim, Muhammad's own
tribe, were much inferior and therefore would not be able to revenge their kinsman's death.
A number of noble youths were selected for the bloody deed. As the night advanced, the assassins
posted themselves round the Prophet's dwelling. They watched all night long, waiting to murder
Muhammad when he should leave his house at the early dawn. By some the Prophet had warned
of the danger, and he directed 'Ali to lie down in his place and wrap himself up in his green clock,
which he did. The Prophet miraculously escaped through the window and he repaired to the house
of Abu Bakr, unperceived by door. These, in the meantime, looking through a crevice and seeing
'Ali, whom they mistook for Muhammad himself, asleep, continued watching there until morning.
When 'Ali arose, they found themselves deceived. The fury of the Quraish was now unbounded.
The news that the would be assassins had returned unsuccessful and that Muhammad had escaped
aroused their whole energy. A price of a hundred camels was set upon Muhammad's head.
A narration Aisha Bint Abu Bakr (Prophet's Wife)
Narrated 'Aisha Bint Abu Bakr (the wife of the Prophet): "I never remembered my parents
believing in any religion other than the true religion (Islam), and (I don't remember) a single day
passing without our being visited by Allah's Messenger in the morning and in the evening. When
the Muslims were put to test (troubled by the pagans), Abu Bakr set out migrating to the land of
Abyssinia (Ethiopia), and when he reached Bark-al-Ghimad, Ibn Ad-Daghina, the chief of the
tribe of Qara, met him and said, 'O Abu Bakr! Where are you going?' Abu Bakr replied: 'My
people have turned me out (of my country), so I want to wander on the earth and worship my
Lord.' Ibn Ad-Dhagina said: 'O Abu Bakr! A man like you should not leave his homeland, nor
should he be driven out, because you help the destitute, earn their living, and you keep good
relations with your kith and kin, help the weak and the poor, entertain guests generously, and help
the calamity-stricken persons. Therefore, I am your protector. Go back and worship your Lord in
your town.'
"So Abu Bakr returned and Ibn Ad-Daghina accompanied him. In the evening Ibn Ad-Dhagina
visited the nobles of Quraish and said to them. 'A man like Abu Bakr should not leave his
homeland, nor should he be driven out. Do you (Quraish) drive out a man who helps the destitute,
earns their living, keeps good relations with his kith and kin, helps the weak and poor, entertain
guests generously and helps the calamity-stricken persons?' So the people of Quraish could not
refuse Ibn Ad-Dhagina's protection, and they said to Ibn Ad-Daghina: 'Let Abu Bakr worship his
Lord in his house. He can pray and recite there whatever he likes, but he should not hurt us with
it, and should not do it publicly, because we are afraid that he may affect our women and
children." Ibn Ad-Dhagina told Abu Bakr all of that. Abu Bakr stayed in that state, worshipping
his Lord in his house. He did not pray publicly, nor did he recite Quran outside his house.
Abu Bakr builds Mosque
"Then a thought occurred to Abu Bakr to build a mosque in front of his house, and there he used
to pray and recite the Quran. The women and children of the pagans began to gather around him
in great number. They used to wonder at him and look at him. Abu Bakr was a man who used to
weep too much, and he could not help weeping or reciting the Quran. That situation scared the
nobles of the pagans of Quraish, so they sent for Ibn Ad-Daghina. When he came to them, they
said: 'We accepted your protection of Abu Bakr on condition that he should worship his Lord in
his house, but he has violated the conditions and he has built a mosque in front of his house where
he prays and recites the Quran publicly. We are not afraid that he may affect our women and
children unfavorably. So, prevent him from that. If he likes to confine the worship of his Lord to
his house, he may do so, but if he insists on doing that openly, ask him to release you from your
obligation to protect him, for we dislike to break our pact with you, but we deny Abu Bakr the
right to announce his act publicly.' Ibn Ad-Dhagina went to Abu Bakr and said: 'O Abu Bakr!
You know well what contract I have made on your behalf; now, you are either to abide by it, or
else release me from my obligation of protecting you, because I do not want the Arabs hear that
my people have dishonored a contract I have made on behalf of another man.' Abu Bakr replied: 'I
release you from your pact to protect me and am pleased with the protection from Allah.'
Aisha's narration's continues: "At that time the Prophet was in Mecca, and he said to the Muslims:
'In a dream I have been shown your migration place, a land of date palm trees, between two
mountains, the two stony tracts.' So, some people migrated to Medina, and most of those people
who had previously migrated to the land of Ethiopia, returned to Medina. Abu Bakr also prepared
to leave for Medina, but Allah's Messenger said to him: 'Wait for awhile, because I hope that I will
be allowed to migrate also.' Abu Bakr replied: 'Do you indeed expect this? Let my father be
sacrificed for you!' The Prophet said: 'Yes.' So Abu Bakr did not migrate for the sake of Allah's
Messenger in order to accompany him. He fed two she camels he possessed with the leaves of
As-Samur tree that fell on being struck by a stick for four months.
"One day, while we were sitting in Abu Bakr's house at noon, someone said to Abu Bakr: 'This is
Allah's Messenger with his head covered coming at a time at which he never used to visit us

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